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Shinjuku Station

is a train station located in Shinjuku and Shibuya wards in Tokyo, Japan.

Serving as the main connecting hub for rail traffic between central Tokyo and its western suburbs on inter-city rail, commuter rail and metro lines, the station was used by an average of 3.64 million people per day in 2007, making it the busiest train station in the world in terms of number of passengers. (For the exact number, see the discussion below.) It is registered with Guinness World Records. Including an underground arcade, there are well over 200 exits.

Lines

Shinjuku is served by the following railway systems:
  • Odakyu Electric Railway:
  • Odakyu Odawara Line
  • Keio Corporation:
  • Tokyo Metro:
  • Marunouchi Line
  • Toei Subway:
    The station is centered around facilities servicing the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) lines. These consist of 7 ground level island platforms (14 tracks) on a north-south axis, connected by two overhead and two underground concourses. Most JR services here are urban and suburban mass transit lines, although JR's intercity express services to Kōfu and Matsumoto on the Chūō Main Line, Narita Express to Narita Airport, and joint operations with Tobu Railway to Nikkō and Kinugawa Onsen also use this station. The JR section alone handles an average of 1.5 million passengers a day.

    Odakyū

    The terminus for the private Odakyu Odawara Line is parallel to the JR platforms on the west side, and handles an average of 490,000 passengers daily. This is a major commuter route stretching southwest through the suburbs and out towards the coastal city of Odawara and the mountains of Hakone. The 10 platforms are built on two levels beneath the Odakyu department store; 3 express service tracks (6 platforms) on the ground level and 2 tracks (4 platforms) on the level below. Each track has platforms on both sides in order to completely separate boarding and alighting passengers.

    Ground level

    Underground level

    Keio

    The Keiō Line's concourse is located to the west of the Odakyū line concourse, two floors below ground level under Keiō department store. It now consists of 3 platforms stretching north to south. Approximately 720,000 passengers use this section daily, which makes it the busiest amongst the privately owned (i.e. non-JR) railways of Japan. This suburban commuter line links Shinjuku to Hachiōji city to the west.

    Toei Subway

    The shared facilities for the Toei Shinjuku subway line and the Keiō New Line consist of 2 platforms stretching east-west 5 floors beneath Kōshū Kaidō avenue to the southwest of the JR section. The concourse is managed by Keio Electric Railway but is in a separate location to the main Keiō platforms. Further south (and deeper underground) are the 2 north-to-south Toei Ōedo subway line platforms.

    Toei Shinjuku Line & Keiō New Line

    Toei Ōedo Line

    Tokyo Metro

    Tokyo Metro's two Marunouchi Line underground platforms stretch east-west to the north of the JR and Odakyu facilities, directly below the Metro Promenade underground mall.

    Commercial facilities

    Many department stores and shopping malls are built directly into the station. These include
    In addition to the above, the Metro Promenade, which is an underground mall owned by Tokyo Metro, extends eastwards from the station beneath Shinjuku-dori avenue, all the way to the adjacent Shinjuku-sanchōme station with 60 exits along the way. The Metro Promenade in turn connects to Shinjuku Subnade, another underground shopping mall, which leads onto Seibu Railway's Seibu-Shinjuku station.

    Shinjuku Station is connected by underground passageways and shopping malls to:
    Nearby non-connected stations (within 500 meters of an underground passageway or station) include:

    Average number of daily users

    The average number of daily users at Shinjuku Station is 3,640,583 which is the most of any station in the world. The figure are totals of entering and exiting customers of each operator. Therefore, users who transfer between different operators' lines are recounted.
    Operator !! Number !! Fiscal year !! Source !! Note - JR - Odakyū - Keiō - Toei - - Tokyo Metro - (Seibu Shinjuku Line) - Shinjuku Totals !! 3,452,399 (3,640,583 including Seibu Shinjuku Station) !! 2007 !! !! - - - - Shinjuku-sanchome Station - - - Shinjuku and connected stations totals !! 3,863,895 !! 2007 !! !! - Nearby stations (500m from an exit) totals !! 235,882 (4,099,777 totals) !! 2007 !! (Shinjuku-gyoemmae Station,Yoyogi station,Higashi-Shinjuku Station,Okubo Station,Shin-Okubo Station,Minami-Shinjuku Station) !! -

    History

    Shinjuku Station opened in 1885 as a stop on Japan Railway's Akabane-Shinagawa line (now part of the Yamanote Line). Shinjuku was still a quiet community at the time and the station was not heavily trafficked at first. The opening of the Chūō Line (1889), Keiō Line (1915) and Odakyū Line (1923) led to increasing traffic through the station. Subway service began in 1959.

    In August 1967, a freight train carrying jet fuel bound for the U.S. air base in Tachikawa derailed and caught fire on the Chūō Rapid tracks.

    The station was a major site for student protests in 1968 and 1969, the height of civil unrest in postwar Japan.

    There have been plans at various points in history to connect Shinjuku into the Shinkansen network, and the 1973 Shinkansen Basic Plan, still in force, specifies that the station should be the southern terminus of the Jōetsu Shinkansen line to Niigata. While construction of the Ōmiya-Shinjuku link never started and the Jōetsu line presently terminates in Tokyo Station, the right of way, including an area underneath the station, remains reserved.

    On May 5, 1995, the Aum Shinrikyo doomsday cult attempted a chemical terrorist attack by setting off a cyanide gas device in a toilet in the underground concourse, barely a month after the gas attack on the Tokyo subway which killed 12 and injured thousands. This time the attack was thwarted by staff who extinguished the burning device.

    Keiō Shinjuku Station

    When the Keiō Line extended to Shinjuku in 1915, its terminal was located several blocks east of the government railway (presently JR) station. The terminal was first named and was on the street near the Isetan department store. In 1927, the station was moved from the street to a newly-built terminal adjacent to the original station. The station building housed a department store. The station name was changed to in 1930 and again to in 1937.

    The tracks from the terminal were on the Kōshū Kaidō highway, which crosses the Yamanote Line and the Chūō Line in front of the south entrance of Shinjuku Station by a bridge. The Keiō Line had a station for the access to Shinjuku Station, named and renamed in 1937 .

    In July 1945, the terminal of the Keiō Line was relocated to the present location, though on the ground level, on the west side of Shinjuku Station. Keiō Shinjuku Station and Shōsen Shinjuku Ekimae Station were closed. This was because the trains faced difficulty in climbing the slopes of the bridge after a transformer substation was destroyed by an air raid. The site of Keiō Shinjuku Station near Shinjuku-Sanchōme subway station is now occupied by two buildings owned by Keiō: Keiō Shinjuku Sanchōme Building and Keiō Shinjuku Oiwake Building.

    Adjacent stations

    |- !colspan=5|
    East Japan Railway Company
    {{j-rserv|previous=|next=|service=-|f=b}} {{j-rserv|previous=Yoyogi|next=|col=yellow|service=Local|b=d}} {{j-rserv|previous=|next=|service=Rapid|b=d}} {{j-rserv|service=Chūō Special Rapid
    Ōme Special Rapid|previous=Yotsuya|next=Nakano
    (*1)|b=d}} {{j-rserv|service=Commuter Special Rapid|previous=Yotsuya|next=|b=d}} {{j-rserv|service=Chūō Liner
    Ōme Liner|previous={{ja-stalink|Tokyo}}|next={{ja-stalink|Tachikawa}}}} {{j-route|route=Shōnan-Shinjuku Line|col=#E21F26|f=w}} {{j-rserv|previous={{ja-stalink|Ikebukuro}}|next={{ja-stalink|Shibuya}}|service=Local|b=d}} {{j-rserv|previous=Ikebukuro|next=Shibuya|service=Rapid|b=d}} {{j-rserv|previous=Ikebukuro|next=Shibuya|service=Special Rapid}} {{j-route|route=Saikyō Line|col=#2E8B57|f=w}} {{j-rserv|previous=Ikebukuro|next=Shibuya|service=Local|b=d}} {{j-rserv|service=Rapid|previous=Ikebukuro|next=Shibuya|b=d}} {{j-rserv|service=Commuter Rapid|previous=Ikebukuro|next=Shibuya}} |- !colspan=5|
    Odakyu Electric Railway
    {{j-route|route=Odakyu Odawara Line|col=#00BFFF}} {{j-rserv|next={{ja-stalink|Minami-Shinjuku}}|service=Local|b=d}} {{j-rserv|service=Sectional Semi-Express
    Semi-Express
    Express
    Rapid Express|next={{ja-stalink|Yoyogi-Uehara}}}} {{j-rserv|service=("Romancecar")|next={{ja-stalink|Mukogaoka-Yuen}}
    {{ja-stalink|Shin-Yurigaoka}}
    {{ja-stalink|Machida||Odakyu}}
    {{ja-stalink|Sagami-Ono}}
    {{ja-stalink|Hon-Atsugi}}
    {{ja-stalink|Odawara}}}}

    |- !colspan=5|
    Keio Corporation
    {{j-route|route=Keiō Line|col=#D13082|f=w}} {{j-rserv|service=(Local)
    (Rapid)
    (Commuter Rapid)
    (Express)|next={{ja-stalink|Sasazuka}}}} {{j-rserv|service=(Semi-Special Express)
    (Special Express)|next={{ja-stalink|Meidaimae}}}} {{j-route|route=Keiō New Line|col=#D13082|f=w}} {{j-rserv|service=-|previous={{ja-stalink|Hatsudai}}|next=Through to Toei Shinjuku Line}} |- !colspan=5|
    Subway lines
    {{j-route|route=Toei Shinjuku Line (S 01)|col=#6cbb5a|f=w}} {{j-rserv|service=(Local)
    (Rapid)
    (Commuter Rapid)|previous=Through to Keiō New Line|next={{ja-stalink|Shinjuku-sanchōme}} (S 02)}} {{j-rserv|service=(Express)|previous=Through to Keiō New Line|next={{ja-stalink|ichigaya}} (S 04)}} {{j-route|route=Toei Ōedo Line (E 27)|col=#E20562|f=w}} {{j-rserv|service=-|previous={{ja-stalink|Yoyogi}} (E 26)|next={{ja-stalink|Tochōmae}} (E 28)}} {{j-route|route=Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line (M 08)|col=#e60012|f=w}} {{j-rserv|service=-|previous={{ja-stalink|Nishi-Shinjuku}} (M 07)|next=Shinjuku-sanchōme (M 09)}} {{end}} (*1)Only Chūō Special Rapid starting Shinjuku

    See also

    *Transportation in Greater Tokyo {{portal|Tokyo|PrefSymbol-Tokyo.svg}}

    References

    {{reflist}}

    External links

    {{Commonscat-inline|Shinjuku station}}
    {{coord|35|41|25|N|139|42|02|E|type:landmark|display=title}} {{Yamanote Line}} {{Shonan-Shinjuku Line}} {{Saikyo Line}} {{Chuo-Sobu Line}} {{Chuo Line (Rapid)}} {{Chūō East Line}} {{Odakyu Odawara Line}} {{Keio Line}} {{Keio New Line}} {{Toei Shinjuku Line}} {{Toei Oedo Line}} {{Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line}} {{Tokyo transit}}

    [Line] [Line] [Shinjuku Line] [Main Line] [Line] [Odawara Line] [Line] [New Line] [Shinjuku Line] [Oedo Line] [Metro Marunouchi Line] [of East Japan Railway Company] [of Odakyu Electric Railway] [of Keio Corporation] [of Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation] [of Tokyo Metro] [stations in Tokyo] [stations opened in 1885]

    [Šindžuku] [Shinjuku] [de Shinjuku] [di Shinjuku] [역] [Shinjuku] [pályaudvar] [Shinjuku] [ja:新宿駅] [Shinjuku] [Station] [Shinjuku] [zh:新宿站]

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